|
Nyungar (Nyunga), or Noongar, is an endangered Australian Aboriginal language, or language complex, primarily spoken by the Noongar people who live in the southwest corner of Western Australia. The 1996 census recorded 157 speakers, but that number increased to 232 by 2006. The word ''Noongar'' means "male" in the language, 'Yorgah' is the reference for the female. Noongar was first recorded in 1801 by Matthew Flinders, who made a number of word lists. ==Dialects== There was no standard Nyungar language, but a number of dialects. A 1990 conference organised by the Nyoongar Language Project Advisory Panel recognised that there were at least three. In 2011 Bernard Rooney, in collaboration with the Benedictine Community of New Norcia, published ''Noongar dictionary''; this was based on the north-western dialect, known as Yuat. The blue region of the map in the box at right may correspond to Nyungar. The subdivisions correspond to clans, who may have spoken distinct dialects, though these divisions have been lost. In several cases, it's not clear if a clan shown on the map actually spoke Nyungar. There is general consensus on the following:〔 : Wudjari, Minang, Bibbulman,〔Spelling may vary, especially in the case of "Bilelman" and "Nadji Nadji", which are apparent errors for Bibbulman and Njakinjaki.〕 Kaniyang (Kaneang), Wardandi, Balardung (perhaps including Tjapanmay), Yuat. The Goreng are thought to have spoken Wudjari, in which case they would have been Nyungar as well. Additional varieties may have been Nyungar, but their identification is not secure. These are Wiilman, Wajuk (Whadjuk), and Pinjarup on the map. Inland, Njakinjaki〔 was perhaps a dialect of Kalaamay, a close relative of Nyungar. Amangu in the north is thought to have been the southern dialect of Nhanda. It may have been the same as or similar to Nhanhagardi, which occurred in that area of the map, though Nhanhagardi has been variously classified as a dialect of Nhanda, of Nyungar, or as Widi, which in turn was a dialect of or related to Badimaya. There is no recorded language where generic "Njunga" is labelled in the east. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Nyungar language」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|